Different types of abacus
Abacus, an ancient calculating tool, comes in various types, each with its own design and functionality. Here are some of the common types of abacus:
Soroban: Originating from Japan, the soroban is perhaps the most well-known type of abacus. It typically consists of a rectangular frame with multiple rods or wires running horizontally, each containing a series of beads. The number of beads on each rod typically varies, with the lower rods representing units, tens, hundreds, and so on.
Suanpan: This is the Chinese version of the abacus. It usually has two decks of beads arranged on separate horizontal rods. Each rod represents a place value, with the bottom deck typically representing units and the top deck representing multiples of ten.
Russian abacus: Also known as schoty, it’s similar in structure to the soroban but usually has fewer beads on each rod. It’s designed for decimal computation and typically has a single bead above a divider and four below, representing the units, tens, hundreds, and thousands places.
Salisbury abacus: This type of abacus has been used in Europe and the Middle East. It consists of a series of wires or grooves set in a wooden frame, with beads threaded on the wires. It’s similar in function to other abacuses but may have variations in bead arrangement and usage.
Napier’s bones: While not a traditional abacus, Napier’s bones can be considered a type of calculating device. Invented by John Napier, it consists of a set of numbered rods or bones, each marked with multiplication tables for a specific number. By aligning the rods and performing simple operations, multiplication and division can be done effectively.
These are some of the main types of abacuses historically used for calculation. Each has its own unique design and usage, but they all serve the common purpose of aiding in arithmetic calculations.